A relationship between the music/beat and visuals which illustrate amplify or contradict the lyrics.
A genre-related style and iconography
Multiple close-ups of the main artist or vocalist: the creation of a star image to promote a recognisable brand image
- Goodwin identified that is a common feature for record labels to use close ups of the artist/vocalist in order to promote the sales in the single.
Voyeurism often plays a major part, especially in relation to females
- Goodwin recognised that many music videos included voyeuristic angles of women in order to entice a male audience interest in the artist and also to which the lyrics represent.
Voyeurism often plays a major part, in terms of looking through mirrors, screens, binoculars or glasses
- Goodwin recognised that many music videos included voyeurism with artists or characters.
Intertextual references to other media texts may be present, especially in humorous videos.
- Used to engage the audience
